What is the primary reservoir for avian influenza?

The primary reservoir for avian influenza is indeed waterfowl and shorebirds. These species, particularly wild ducks, geese, and swans, often carry the virus without showing any signs of illness. This asymptomatic nature allows them to act as reservoirs, facilitating the virus's spread to other birds and potentially to domestic poultry and mammals. The habitat of these birds, which includes wetlands and bodies of water, contributes to the transmission of the virus, especially as they migrate across regions.

In contrast, while other birds such as domestic chickens and turkeys can get infected and show symptoms, they are not the primary reservoirs for the virus. Domestic chickens, for instance, typically do not carry the virus long-term without suffering effects, making them less effective as reservoirs. Similarly, while pigeons and doves can carry various strains of avian influenza, their role is much less significant compared to waterfowl and shorebirds.