Which country is NOT a member of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)?

The answer is based on the membership of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), which is an organization dedicated to public health in the Americas. PAHO's membership consists predominantly of countries from North, Central, and South America, as well as the Caribbean.

In this case, Portugal is not included in this membership since it is a European country and lies outside the geographical scope that PAHO serves. The organization focuses on health issues pertinent to the countries located in the Americas, which is why Canada, Peru, and Venezuela are all members. Their inclusion is based on their geographic location and engagement in health matters that PAHO addresses.

Understanding the composition and membership of international health organizations like PAHO is crucial for grasping their impact and their targeted health initiatives within specific regions.