Which federal department oversees the CDC?

The correct choice is the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), which oversees the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This relationship is significant because HHS is the federal entity responsible for protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services. The CDC operates under HHS, focusing specifically on public health, disease prevention, and health education to ensure the safety and well-being of the population.

The other departments listed do not have direct oversight of the CDC. The Department of Education primarily focuses on education issues and policies. The Department of Defense deals with national security and military matters, while the Department of Agriculture oversees farming, forestry, and food production. Each of these departments has its distinct mission that does not align with the public health objectives of the CDC.